Talking about the mechanical components of forging machinery

Talking about the mechanical components of forging machinery

In the CNC machine tool components, there is a special group different from the functional components of the metal cutting machine, which is the forging machine function. At present, there is no strict definition and classification of forging machinery functional parts, and development is relatively slow. However, due to the special role of forging machinery functional parts in improving the safety and completeness of forging machinery, its professional production trend and broad market prospects have become the consensus of the industry. This article only provides an introduction to the common types of forging machinery components.

Friction Clutches - Brakes In the forging machinery functional components, with the maturity of their development, production and use, the friction clutch-brake for mechanical presses is the first to be used. The friction clutch-brake is an important component of the main drive of the mechanical press. Its performance directly affects the usability, safety, reliability, and the starting rate and maintenance of the machine.

According to the structure of the friction clutch-brake, there are combined friction clutch-brake and separate friction clutch-brake; according to the working state of the friction pair, there are dry friction clutch-brake and wet friction clutch-brake; press friction clutch ―The brake operating system is divided into a pneumatic friction clutch-brake and a hydraulic friction clutch-brake.

The combined friction clutch-brake is compact in structure, and the combination of the clutch is coordinated with the disengagement action. It can be mounted on the intermediate shaft or on the crankshaft. It is widely used in open presses and high-speed presses of 100~1,600 kN. . The separate friction clutch-brake can effectively reduce the moment of inertia of the driven part to reduce heat during the movement, reduce the temperature rise of the friction pair, and improve the service life of the friction plate. It is usually used for closed presses and larger specifications. Open press. Separate friction clutch-brakes are generally made by the mainframe manufacturer due to structural reasons. At present, it is difficult to organize specialized production.

At present, there are basically two types of domestic functional parts produced by professional factories. One is a combined pneumatic dry friction clutch-brake (referred to as dry friction clutch), and the other is a combined pneumatic wet friction clutch-brake (referred to as Wet friction clutch). These two kinds of clutches are divided according to the structure and belong to the combined type; according to the working state of the friction pair, they are divided into dry type and wet type; according to the control system, they are also pneumatic clutches.

The dry friction clutch and the wet friction clutch developed by the domestic self-developed or utilizing foreign technology have gradually entered the mature stage after a long period of market development. Not only can the mass production and supply of the main engine factory be used, but the quality is stable and the performance is reliable. Photoelectric safety protection device photoelectric safety protection device, invisible infrared light curtain is set in the protection area between the operator of the forging machine and the dangerous working area. Once a certain part of the operator enters the protection area to block the light curtain, the control system outputs a signal to the forging The mechanical safety actuator enables the forging machinery to stop in an emergency to prevent dangerous actions. It can be seen that the photoelectric safety protection device itself does not directly protect the operator, it only sends a signal to the machine tool to stop the dangerous action before a safety accident may occur. Therefore, strictly speaking, the photoelectric safety protection device should be called the photoelectric safety protection control device.

Photoelectric safety protection devices are usually divided into reflective and through-beam types. The reflective photoelectric safety protection device is composed of a controller, a sensor and a reflector. The light curtain is emitted by the sensor and reflected back to the sensor through the reflector. The photoelectric safety protection device of the radiation type is composed of a controller, a transmitting sensor and a receiving sensor. The three-part composition, the light curtain is emitted by the transmitting sensor and received by the receiving sensor.

The photoelectric safety protection device can be used for various forging machines such as mechanical presses, hydraulic presses, shearing machines, sheet bending machines, etc. According to different working conditions of the machine tool, it can be set to be used on the front side of the machine tool, and the front and back sides of the machine tool. The double-sided protection type used can also be set to the "C" shape protection type on the front and both sides of the machine. The protection height, that is, the light curtain of the photoelectric safety protection device, must be greater than the maximum stroke of the forging machinery working mechanism, which is the basic parameter requirement for selecting the photoelectric safety protection device. At present, there are many manufacturers of photoelectric safety protection devices in China, and the specifications and models are relatively complete. Generally, the protection height is between 60 and 600 mm. The control system has a self-test function and the response time is 20 milliseconds. However, it is worth mentioning that the quality of products entering the market is mixed, and the host manufacturers must be cautious when supporting them. Once the unreliable safety protection device is selected, the consequences are unimaginable.

It must be emphasized again that the components (such as sliders) that make up the dangerous condition of the main engine must have the function of emergency braking at any position. Otherwise, after the photoelectric safety protection device sends a signal, the machine does not stop the dangerous action of the actuator, which cannot protect the operator.

The cam controller cam controller is an important part of the mechanical control system of the mechanical press. In a working cycle of a mechanical press, the actions of the working mechanisms of the main machine and the auxiliary machine have a strict logical relationship, including the sequence of actions and the time taken by the actions. The method of processing the logical relationship of the working mechanism is usually to allocate 360° of the crankshaft rotation, and to formulate a working cycle diagram of the mechanical press to control the operation of each working mechanism. The cam controller is the actuator that distributes the angle of rotation of the crankshaft. The cam controller is mounted on a shaft that rotates synchronously with the crankshaft. With the rotation of the crankshaft, the cam controller sends a corresponding signal. After receiving the signal, the electronic control system issues a command to each working mechanism, and the working mechanism sequentially generates a prescribed action to complete the machine. A working cycle of the press. There are many professional factories producing cam controllers in China. The product quality is generally stable and reliable, and the main engine factory adopts the method of directional procurement.

The automatic feeding device has various automatic feeding devices in the forging machine. Here, it refers to the automatic feeding of the sheet processing for the single machine or the automatic line for the open press, the closed press, the multi-station press, the high-speed press, or the press automatic line. Device. The automatic feeding device generally consists of three parts: a material rack and an unwinding leveling mechanism, a pneumatic clamp type feeding mechanism, and a waste winding material rack. The material rack and the unwinding leveling mechanism have three functions of supporting the coiling, unwinding and leveling, and the unwinding mechanism loosens the coil material in a freely suspended state to reduce the pulling force of the feeding mechanism during the feeding process, which is beneficial to improve the feeding precision. The leveling mechanism applies multiple rollers to the coil material after the unwinding, so that the sheet is corrected before stamping, which is beneficial to improve the precision of the product. The pneumatic clamp type feeding mechanism uses compressed air as the power to control the opening and closing and reciprocating movement of the clamp to complete the feeding of the sheet. The stroke of the reciprocating movement can be adjusted steplessly to meet the requirements of different feeding lengths. The scrap rewinding rack winds up the stamped waste strip, which is not needed if the scrap strip is cut and recycled during stamping.

At present, there are professional manufacturers in the country to serially produce automatic feeding devices, but most of them are used for small and medium-sized open-type presses. Automatic feeders for closed and multi-station presses are usually supplied by the OEM. From the perspective of development trends, this potential market will be occupied by professional manufacturers of automatic feeding devices.

Stamping formwork stamping formwork is the most typical forging machine functional component, and it has achieved standardization and professional production. Stamping processes such as blanking, blanking, drawing, and slitting are performed on the mechanical press, and the stamping die cannot be separated. The punching and die of the working part of the stamping die are mounted on the stamping die frame. Different punching processes require different punches and die, but the same stamping die frame can be used. The stamping formwork consists of the upper formwork, the lower formwork, the guide post and the guide sleeve. A series of products for different specifications and models of presses have been developed. The stamping formwork below the medium specification has been standardized. There are many professional factories that produce stamping formwork in China, and the stamping formwork has been produced and sold as standard parts. However, large stamping formwork is usually a special order, which is supplied by the mold manufacturer to the user in combination with the mold. The shearing blades of other functional parts shearing machines and the bending dies of sheet bending machines are generally considered to be functional components. At present, there are professional factories in China, and the development trend of specialized production is gratifying. The die of the CNC turret punch press, the main engine factory has begun to commission a professional factory to manufacture, it is expected to form a professional production pattern within 5 years. The tonnage indicator is a functional component used by large and medium-sized presses. Domestic products are sold, but due to reasons such as accuracy and stability, the OEMs use foreign products.

In addition, the mechanical overload protection device, automatic mold change system, mobile work table, etc. should be regarded as functional components, and it is bound to take the road of specialized production in the future. At present, due to the technical difficulty, individuality and small output of these functional components, professional production will take time. With the development of forging machinery, the main production plant will contain all the production patterns will be broken, many parts will be stripped and commissioned by professional factories. After a transition period, these components will gradually be regarded as functional components, and the trend of specialized production will move closer to the metal cutting machine. The hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, and inspection functional components used in the forging machinery are generally the same as those of the metal cutting machine tool, and will not be described in detail herein.