New mechanism of Drosophila germ cell differentiation
Researchers from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Tsinghua University Student Academy of Sciences have discovered a new mechanism for the differentiation of Drosophila germline stem cells, and this mechanism can also be extended to zebrafish and human cells, which is important for analyzing the differentiation mechanism of germline stem cells. significance. The research results were published in Cell magazine last week.
The corresponding author of the article is Chen Dahua, a researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This researcher who was selected for the “100 Persons Project†and received outstanding funding from the National Fund Committee has made many important achievements in the mechanism of stem cell division. The main research directions of his research group It uses model animals such as fruit flies and mice as a model system to study the molecular mechanism of stem cell division and differentiation and individual aging and longevity.
Stem cells are a small number of cells in an organism that are in infinite proliferation, undifferentiated or poorly differentiated and have multiple or one differentiation potential. The unique ability of stem cells is to produce two daughter cells with opposite fates through asymmetric division, one is to regenerate new stem cells that maintain the characteristics of stem cells through self-renewal; and the other daughter cells enter the differentiation process and form new Tissues, or replace damaged or lost tissues and organs in the organism to maintain the continuity of life activities. How to maintain the undifferentiated state of germ stem cells is a core issue in this field.
Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is important for maintaining the undifferentiated state of Drosophila germline stem cells. This action factor can inhibit the differentiation of germline stem cells through the differentiation factor Bam, but this specific process has so far Scientists are not yet clear.
In this article, the researchers discovered a serine / threonine kinase: Fused (Fu) can regulate Hedgehog and form a complex with Smurf, manipulate the fate of Drosophila reproductive stem cells through the BMP response system, and the researchers are Similar effects have been found in fish and human cells, suggesting that this new mechanism may be widely conserved.
Last year, Chen Dahua ’s research team also discovered the important role of ubiquitin-mediated cyclin in regulating the fate of stem cells. They took Drosophila reproductive stem cells as the research object and found an important gene effete related to the ubiquitination process-encoding Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme (Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme) plays an important role in regulating the fate of Drosophila ovarian reproductive stem cells.
Further researches using genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology have found that Eff protein mediates cyclin by binding to dAPC2 in the complex of late mitosis promoting factor APC (a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase E3) ——The ubiquitination of Cyclin A, thereby affecting the fate of germline stem cells by regulating changes in Cyclin A protein levels. This links the regulation of the ubiquitination signaling pathway with the fate of stem cells, and also shows that cell cycle regulators directly control the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells. The ubiquitination mechanism and cell cycle regulation mechanism are highly conserved from yeast to higher mammals, indicating that there may be similar regulatory mechanisms in mammals to control the fate of stem cells.
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