Nanometer thermometer can reveal the atomic scale heat dissipation
According to the physicist organization network recently reported, an international team composed of researchers from the University of Michigan and other units has developed a nano-scale "thermometer" that can measure heat dissipation from the atomic scale and established a framework for the first time. Explain the heat dissipation phenomenon in nanoscale systems. This achievement removes an important technical obstacle for the development of smaller and more powerful electronic devices. Related papers were published in the journal Nature.
When electric current passes through conductive materials, it generates heat. Understanding where the heat is generated in electronic systems helps engineers design reliable, efficient computers, mobile phones, and medical equipment. In larger circuits, it is easy to understand how heat is generated, but for nanoscale terminals, classical physics cannot describe the relationship between heat and electricity. These devices may be only a few nanometers in size, or may be composed of a few atoms.
The junction of atoms and single molecules represents the ultimate limit of circuit miniaturization, and it is also an ideal platform for testing quantum transmission theory. To describe the charge and energy transfer of new functional nanodevices, quantum transfer theory is indispensable. In the next 20 years, computer science and engineering personnel are expected to work on the "atomic" scale. However, due to the limitation of experimental conditions, little is known about the thermal dissipation and propagation of atomic devices, which also brings great obstacles to the development of new nano-devices.
The leader of the research, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan, Praim Reddy, said: "Currently transistors have reached a very small scale, at the 20 or 30 nanometer level. If the industry continues to develop at the speed of Moore's Law Going down, the size of the transistor in the circuit shrinks twice as fast as its density, so it is not far from the atomic level. Then, the most important thing is to understand the relationship between heat dissipation and the electronic structure of the device. If you lack this knowledge , It is impossible to truly control atomic-level equipment, and our research has revealed this field for the first time. "
Li Yuzhe, a doctoral student at Reddy Labs, developed a technique that specifically created a stable atomic device and a nanometer-sized thermometer, and combined the two into a conical tool. In the molecular sample circuit, a conical tool and a piece of gold can capture a molecule or atom to study its thermal dissipation. They showed through experiments that the heating process of an atomic-level system is different from that of the macro-scale heating process, and designed a framework to explain this process.
Reddy explained that in the accessible macro world, when current passes through a wire, the entire wire heats up, as do all electrodes connected to it. In contrast, when the "wire" is a nanometer-sized molecule and only two electrodes are joined, the temperature increase mainly occurs in one of the two. "In atomic-scale equipment, all heat is concentrated in one place and rarely goes to other places."
Reddy said: "Our research further confirms the validity of the theory of thermal dissipation proposed by physicist Lev Landau and deeply understands the relationship between thermal dissipation and thermoelectric phenomena at the atomic scale. To electricity. "
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