Precise is not a dream wheel hairspring past life (b)

With the increasing popularity of gossamer, watchmakers can consider more accurately broken down time for the pocket watch, so about 1700 minutes on the clock in addition to adding an hour hand. Precision racing is a serious issue that has forced watchmakers to devise new escapements and a new type of hairspring that matches them. Talented watchmaking industry began to rethink the most suitable for improving clock performance, accurate marking time of the components. If the clock can guarantee sufficient accuracy, navigators can determine and map out the location of the sea. Talented watchmaking industry began to rethink the most suitable for improving clock performance, accurate marking time of the components. Following the escapement (mainly pawl) and balance (usually bimetallic truncated), the most gifted astronomical watchmaker of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries turned its attention to the new hairspring, Will further improve the clock energy efficiency and travel time accuracy. Astronomical clock with the crew to travel around the world, so the first problem to be solved is the corrosion caused by salt and moisture. The second problem lies in the sudden change of temperature, which will affect the rigidity of the metal and thus interfere with the overall accuracy. British and French experts tested a variety of materials, including glass and gold, all non-corrosive. Glass gossamer length is almost constant, but too brittle brittle; gold gossamer performance is stable, however, easy to extend the case of heat. The final choice was crucible steel, rolled, cold forged and heat treated (blue), dominated until the early twentieth century. Balance wheel assembly Function obeys the form Obviously, hairspring plays a crucial role in ensuring that the clock's norm operates. This thin, paper-like wire can be easily kept flat and spiral; however, watchmakers understand that this element can only work efficiently with a combination of a high-quality escapement and a carefully crafted balance. Watchmakers found that the attachment of the hairspring hinder its uniform "breathing", each expansion or contraction will have an impact on the balance of the clock, and thus the daily rate of the clock (although small). Perfectionists are starting to look for a form that allows gossamer to work efficiently without external disturbances on the system. Some choose a cylindrical shape and others choose a spherical shape. In either case, the objective is to balance the balance spring as evenly as possible to make the most accurate oscillatory motion. Popular fashion was popular, pocket watches must be thin enough, so these hairspring (cylindrical / spherical) will not be able to meet demand. Watchmakers such as John Arnold, his son John Roger, and Abraham-Louis Breguet improved the balance spring, adding a Terminal Curve / Overcoil, which ensured that the Archimedes' spiral 12 or 15 coils Best concentricity Next, the precision of high quality clocks has been significantly improved. Eduard Phillips, an engineer at the Polytechnic Institute in Paris, France, discovered the connection between the oscillation period, the moment of inertia of the balance wheel, the length of the balance spring and the yield moment in 1860, and then obtained the ideal shape of the end curve, the center of gravity of the hairspring fell on Geometric center, that is, on the balance wheel. In this way, the pivot in contact with the balance gem need not be under pressure and at the same time reduces the friction at the tip of the pivot (in theory, for a clock in a horizontal position). The watch brand continues to apply tip curves to hairsprings of high-quality clocks, but the hairspring material has been transformed from rolled, cold forged and blue-crucible steel into complex, highly efficient and diamagnetic alloys. Stourman's gossamer by Henry Muhammad Twentieth-century gossamer Brass and steel bimetallic balance, fixed with brass or gold screws, with high quality blue steel hairspring, standard before the twentieth century. Subsequently, Charles Eduard Guillaume invented a hairspring made of a nickel-iron alloy (36% nickel and 64% iron), called Invar hairspring for its superior anti-magnetic properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion. The new balance spring is a single metal (beryllium bronze) balance that is less expensive to produce than a bimetallic balance and offers better diamagnetism. In the early 1930s, Reinhardt Straumann also developed a variety of metal alloys, used to improve the gossamer quality. The number of elements in the alloy up to seven, the unit element content may be minimal, this impressive combination of modern knitting yarn to promote the birth. Despite its subtle appearance, the new balance springs are extremely complex to manufacture and require large investments in precision instruments. There are not many brands capable of autonomous gossamer production. A few specialist firms actually monopolize the production of balance springs. This article is reprinted from the watch house, if you have any questions, please send an email to wbsj@wbiao.cn to contact us.