Liquid chromatography in the field of water treatment
Monitoring of traditional pollutants
The monitoring of traditional pollutants is mainly aimed at the key monitoring of common pollutants in daily water bodies. According to the relevant requirements of the country and the actual monitoring conditions of the site, the monitoring of major pollutants in the water includes heavy metal elements (copper, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium, etc.) and nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). ), special elements (selenium, chlorine, sulfur, etc.). Through the above monitoring, the daily pollution status of the water body is grasped and evaluated. At the same time, the monitoring of traditional pollutants also includes the monitoring of sewage in the discharge points of specific enterprises, as an important basis for its environmental compliance.
Organic matter in water
On the basis of traditional pollutants, industrial and agricultural leaching and other factors will cause certain organic pollution in water bodies. In the process of monitoring organic pollutants, traditional monitoring methods cannot meet the requirements in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In this respect, high performance liquid chromatography is used to quantitatively monitor the organic matter while it is being shaped. The main monitored items include industrial organic pollutants (, volatile phenols, petroleum, total organic matter, etc.), agricultural organics (such as pesticides, herbicides, digestion inhibitors), special organic substances (microbial metabolites, medical pollution). Things, domestic sewage, etc.). On the one hand, the organic matter monitoring can evaluate the current status of organic pollution in water bodies, and on the other hand, it can identify the types of pollutants and provide some help for the investigation of pollution sources.
Monitoring of pollutants of different valence states and their forms
The different valence states of the same chemical elements and the effects of their morphology on their biological toxicity are critical. For example, chromium has trivalent and hexavalent points in water, among which trivalent chromium is less toxic and beneficial to humans in a larger concentration range, while hexavalent chromium is more biotoxic, lower The concentration causes greater harm to the human body.
The traditional monitoring method for hexavalent chromium in the monitoring of water environment is to detect the coloration of hexavalent chromium and diphenylcarbazide. This type of detection is likely to cause large errors due to the influence of redox conditions, which in turn makes the judgment of the water environment inaccurate. The liquid chromatograph can simultaneously monitor the different valence states of the same elements and conduct a better quantitative analysis of the pollutants and their toxicity in the water body, laying a foundation for subsequent environmental assessment and treatment.
The system of the liquid chromatograph consists of a reservoir, a pump, an injector, a column, a detector, a recorder, and the like. The mobile phase in the reservoir is driven into the system by a high pressure pump. The sample solution enters the mobile phase through the injector and is loaded into the column (stationary phase) by the mobile phase, since each component in the sample solution has two phases. Different partition coefficients, when moving in two phases, after repeated adsorption-desorption distribution processes, the components have a large difference in the moving speed, and are separated into individual components and sequentially flow out from the column. Through a detector (a device that detects changes in the composition of the column and its amount). It refers to mechanical, electronic, or chemical devices used to distinguish, record, or indicate changes in a variable in the environment, such as temperature, pressure, When charge, electromagnetic radiation, nuclear radiation, particles or molecules, etc., the sample concentration is converted into an electrical signal that is transmitted to the recorder and the data is printed as a map.
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