Analysis of the principle of modern high-low temperature test chamber refrigeration
The latest modern high and low temperature test chamber refrigeration system employs a sophisticated technique known as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). This method is highly effective, utilizing the digital output from a microprocessor to control analog circuits. The basic principle involves controlling the on-off state of the switching devices in an inverter circuit, which results in a series of equal-amplitude pulses at the output. These pulses replace the conventional sine wave or any required waveform. By generating multiple pulses within a single half-cycle of the output waveform, the equivalent voltage mimics a sinusoidal shape, while the final output waveform is smoothed to minimize harmonic distortion.
Traditionally, low-temperature control was achieved through a combination of compressor start/stop cycles, constant compressor operation, and heating with PID control. However, this method has several significant drawbacks, including shortened compressor lifespan and excessive energy consumption. To address these issues, PWM-based cooling technology was introduced, enabling more energy-efficient low-temperature operations. It allows the heater to remain inactive during low-temperature conditions, while using PWM to regulate the flow and direction of the refrigerant. Additionally, it adjusts the three-way flow between the refrigeration line, cold bypass, and hot bypass, ensuring automatic and stable temperature control within the testing chamber. In such environments, this new cooling method can save up to 40% of total energy consumption.
PWM technology represents a major breakthrough in refrigeration systems used in high and low temperature test chambers. Not only does it extend the life of the compressor, but it also significantly reduces power consumption, aligning with global trends toward sustainability and energy conservation. This advanced technology relies on a custom-designed PWM control valve from Sporlan, USA. All these features require the use of a PWM control valve to function effectively.
The basic structure of a high and low temperature test chamber includes the refrigeration system, heating system, control system, humidity system, air circulation system, and sensor system. This paper focuses on the future development and principles of the refrigeration system in such test chambers.
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