Analysis of the principle of modern high-low temperature test chamber refrigeration
The latest modern high and low temperature test chamber refrigeration system employs a sophisticated control method known as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). This technique is widely recognized for its efficiency in controlling analog circuits using digital signals from a microprocessor. PWM works by regulating the on-off cycles of switching devices within an inverter circuit, resulting in a series of equal amplitude pulses at the output. These pulses replace traditional sine waves or other required waveforms, creating an equivalent voltage that mimics a sinusoidal shape. By generating multiple pulses per half cycle, the system ensures a smooth output with minimal harmonic distortion. Traditionally, low-temperature control relied on a combination of compressor start/stop cycles, continuous compressor operation, and heating PID control. However, this conventional approach leads to significant issues, including shortened compressor lifespan and excessive energy consumption. To address these challenges, PWM-based cooling technology was introduced, enabling more energy-efficient low-temperature operations. This new method prevents the heater from engaging during low-temperature conditions, allowing precise control over refrigerant flow and direction via PWM. It also adjusts the flow among the refrigeration line, cold bypass, and hot bypass pipelines to automatically regulate the chamber's temperature. As a result, this advanced cooling technique can reduce overall energy usage by up to 40%. The implementation of PWM in high and low temperature test chambers represents a major technological breakthrough. It not only extends the life of the compressor but also aligns with global sustainability goals by reducing energy consumption. This technology is based on custom-designed PWM control valves from Sporlan, USA, which are essential for the proper functioning of the system. A typical high and low temperature test chamber consists of several key components, including the refrigeration system, heating system, control system, humidity control, air circulation, and sensor systems. This paper will focus on the future development and principles of the refrigeration system within such test chambers.
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