US researchers reveal the characteristics of single electron activity in Kondo state

<p> A research result published in the journal Nature reveals how individual electrons in the Kondo effect state are entangled with their surroundings, which provides a new perspective for studying the Kondo effect. This major discovery not only helps solve the problems that have long troubled theoretical physicists, but also helps scientists store information in the smallest possible space. This will open up a vast new field of computing energy and promote the development of quantum computers.

The Kondo effect is the first physical phenomenon discovered by Japanese scientist Juno Kondo. According to the usual theory of resistance, the resistance of the dilute solid solution should decrease monotonously as the temperature drops, and finally tend to the residual resistance determined by impurity scattering. But since 1930, scientists have found in experiments that the resistance temperature curve of some non-magnetic metals doped with magnetic impurity atoms shows a minimum value at low temperatures. In 1964, Jun Kondo pointed out that the appearance of the minimum value of resistance is related to the existence of the local magnetic moment of impurity atoms. He proved that under certain conditions, the resistivity caused by spin-backward exchange scattering becomes larger as the temperature decreases, and the resistivity caused by electron-phonon interaction becomes smaller as the temperature decreases, so the total amount of dilute magnetic alloys The resistance will show a minimum value at low temperature.

The Kondo effect is caused by the very complex entanglement between electrons and their surrounding electrons. The current research method can only measure the state of Kondo, and it is impossible to know how the electrons are entangled with their surrounding environment. A research team composed of scientists from the United States, Germany and Switzerland used laser scattering technology to detect electronic activity in the state of Kondo. According to the different states of the electrons scattered by the laser, they speculated that the electrons can change the temperature by absorbing lasers of different colors, and the reflected lasers can carry the characteristics of quantum entangled states, so that the relationship between the electrons and their surroundings can be observed.

Researchers use nanostructured devices to trap electrons in small grooves to separate individual electrons. However, the electrons in the groove can only maintain limited isolation, and eventually they will be entangled with the large number of electrons around them. Due to the special nature of entangled states, this discovery will open a convenient door for finding new information storage and processing methods, and effectively deal with the instability of the calculation process, and promote the development of quantum computers.

The project ’s principal researcher and Princeton University ’s assistant professor of electrical engineering, Hakan Touresai, said: “Current computers use transistors to store information. In the future, trapped electrons in entangled states can be used as the basic information unit 'qubits' of quantum computing. Quantum bits can store more information. In theory, quantum computers are smaller and faster than transistor machines. "

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