Science: New insights into photosynthesis, carotenoids involved in energy transfer
Photosynthesis refers to the biochemical process in which plants, algae, and certain bacteria use light energy to convert carbon dioxide (or hydrogen sulfide) and water into organic matter and release oxygen (or hydrogen). Photosynthetic pigments include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Photosynthesis is composed of a series of complex metabolic reactions, which are the basis for the survival of the earth ’s organisms.
Carotenoids in plants and purple bacteria not only assist light absorption, but also resist light damage. Recently, researchers from the University of Toronto and the University of Glasgow revealed that in the process of photosynthesis, carotenoids, a molecular state that does not participate in light absorption, are used to transfer light energy. The related papers were published in the recently published "Science" magazine.
The researchers said that this effect of carotenoids is indeed unexpected, and nature has effectively used the various quantum mechanical states of carotenoid molecules and let them perform their duties.
It was predicted decades ago that in photosynthesis, there should be a dark state carotenoid that does not participate in light absorption. The study led by Professor Greg Scholes of the University of Toronto ’s Department of Chemistry first confirmed the existence of this state and pointed out that this state of not participating in light absorption is an important medium that can effectively transfer the energy absorbed by carotenoids. Give chlorophyll.
In the past sixty years, the energy transfer process of light absorption systems in nature has been a research hotspot. And this latest study shows the details of the process of light absorption and energy transfer. The results of this study provide strong support for the above theory and are by far the clearest evidence.
In this latest study, the researchers analyzed the electronic structure and electronic dynamics of the light-absorbing protein of purple bacteria through a special technique (broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy), and thus analyzed the carotenoid absorption of light The specific process passed to the bacteria chlorophyll. Studies have shown that the dark state of carotenoids predicted does exist, and this state can mediate the energy flow from carotenoids to bacterial chlorophyll.
The researchers said that this research has given people a deeper understanding of the basic molecules of life. The function of carotenoids involves light absorption, light protection and energy transfer, and even some purple bacteria are used as heat sensors. It's amazing how different quantum mechanical states of a molecule can perform so many functions.
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