ELISA analysis instrument-microplate reader
ELISA analyzer
ELISA reagent technology was introduced to China in the 1980s and has been widely used. Related analytical instruments have also developed rapidly. There have been more than ten manufacturers of microplate readers and washer machines in China, which are in fierce competition with many imported microplate readers in the Chinese market. The following is a brief introduction to the relevant equipment in ELISA and its application in China in three aspects.
Separate enzyme-linked immunoassay instrument
Separate enzyme-linked immunoassay instruments mainly include microplate reader and plate washer. After centrifuging the serum, after adding samples, washing the plate, incubating, etc., the final result is determined by the absorbance. ELISA experiments are mainly used for qualitative testing in China, so the current separation instruments can basically be satisfied.
The microplate reader is essentially a photoelectric colorimeter dedicated to microplates in the visible light range. In the ELISA experiment, the microplate reader is a key instrument for measuring the absorbance of the samples in each microwell, which has a direct influence on the judgment of the test results, and is one of the important instruments necessary for the laboratory. With the popularization of ELISA technology, the microplate reader has been greatly developed, with a complete range of products, diverse models, and unique features. At present, the microplate readers sold on the domestic market have completely got rid of the original single-hole measurement method. The whole plate measurement, qualitative and quantitative calculation, storage, multiple report formats, and automatic conversion of filters have become basic and necessary functions. The performance of various newly introduced microplate readers is becoming more and more perfect, and the functions are constantly expanding. Specifically:
(1) High-speed measurement From the current trend of microplate readers, the measurement speed of the whole plate is within 10s, which is helpful to prevent small changes in the absorbance of each micropore during the measurement process and overcome the impact of the environment on the results as much as possible. At the same time, it can meet the requirements of power measurement, and instruments with a measurement speed of more than 20s will be at a disadvantage. The microplate reader currently produced in China generally measures the entire board speed at 25s, and the product update cycle is longer.
(2) Wide absorbance range Although the absorbance range of the microplate reader A = 0-2.5 can fully meet the requirements of the experiment, the newly introduced instruments abroad have expanded the absorbance range of the earlier models, and the linear range of the higher-level microplate reader It can achieve A = 4.0 and maintain very good precision. For example, BIORAD ’s Benchmark has a repeatability and linearity of no more than 3.5% at 400-750nm and A = 0-4.0. Another example is Multi-skan Ascent of LABYSTEMS, whose absorbance reading range reaches A = 0-4.0, in the range of A = 3.0-4.0, the linearity does not exceed 2%, and the RSD is less than 1.0%.
(3) Extending to UV and adding UV filters is almost a common choice for manufacturers. Since various microplate readers are equipped with an automatic conversion mechanism for placing filters, 6-8 filters can be installed at the same time. It is relatively easy to extend the UV function. Generally, 340nm filters are added.
(4) With the incubation function, the reaction temperature can be automatically and accurately controlled, so that the microwell plate incubation process is completed inside the instrument, reducing external interference and simplifying the operation steps. Such as Benchmark of BIORAD, Multiskan Ascent of LABSYSTEMS of Finland, EIX808 of BIOTCK, etc.
(5) With kinetic detection function Conventional ELISA is an end-point measurement experiment. Before the measurement, a termination solution needs to be added to inhibit the enzyme-free reaction. The concentration of the substance to be measured is calculated by the absorbance. The kinetic method is by determination The rate of change of absorbance during the reaction is used to calculate the content of the corresponding substance to be measured. After the measurement speed of the microplate reader is accelerated, as long as the corresponding software is added, the kinetic measurement of certain biochemical indicators can be completed using the microplate reader.
The plate washer is an important instrument for the ELISA test to ensure the washing effect and thus the quality of the experiment. The role of the plate washer is no longer a simple automated device that replaces human manual labor. At present, in addition to the basic functions of conventional equipment cleaning times, cleaning strips, soaking time, etc., the domestic plate washer also adds bottom rinse, two-point suction, plate / strip plate washing, and shock according to the needs of users. , Position adjustment and automatic cleaning pipeline, automatic liquid exchange and storage of multiple plate washing procedures and other functions, the cleaning residue is reduced from the original 5-6UL / hole to 2UL / hole, and some plate washing machines allow users to perform the plate washing process The flow, time, location, etc. of each step are set in detail. The manufacturers strive to improve the reliability and automation of the instrument based on their respective research on board washing technology, and at the same time provide users with an optimal and perfect washing environment. The main indicators of the domestic washing machine, such as the washing effect and product reliability, have reached the previous level of import. Compared with imported instruments, their price and after-sales service have certain advantages. The main gap is that there is no quantitative liquid addition.
Combined enzyme-linked immunoassay instrument
There are three types of combined enzyme-linked immunoassay instruments: a fully automatic enzyme-linked immunoassay system, an automatic sample processing system, and a pipeline-operated combined system. The first two are mainly used in major blood stations and hospitals, while the latter are mainly used in reagent manufacturers.
The full-automatic enzyme-linked immunoassay system integrates all steps in the ELISA test, from sample loading, incubation, washing, shaking, occlusion to qualitative or quantitative analysis, report storage and printing functions, all in one instrument. The designed procedure is carried out automatically. HAMILTON's FAME (the world's first automatic plate ELISA system), BIORAD's CAA, Osborne's AMP, TECAN's Minilyser, ORGANO's TEKTIME, Italian SPA DIVISION STRUMENTI's PersonaiLAB and other fully automated enzyme-linked immunization The system has successively entered the domestic market. Newly entered the Chinese market in the past two years include DYNDRX, the company's DSX, Aksu's Flextk2, BIOASIA agent TRITURUS and so on. The emergence of a fully automated enzyme-linked immune system meets the requirements of large-scale repeated inspections in major hospitals and blood stations, improves the inspection efficiency and experimental level of these units, and effectively controls the most likely manual errors in large-scale inspections , Which is conducive to the quality assurance and improvement of ELISA experiments, and its domestic market has grown steadily.
The automatic sample processing system is mainly used to complete the tedious, odorless, error-prone, manual, error-prone loading, dilution titration, incubation, washing and other steps in the ELISA experiment. After completion, the results are determined by the microplate reader. Using an automatic sample processing system to use the original microplate reader not only saves money but also realizes the automation of the experimental process, which is a very economical solution.
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