Application of Internet of Things in Smart City
In early 2009, President Barack Obama mentioned M2M (Machine to Machine) in many public speeches. Although the term M2M was not used, it was already mentioned in the speech of the "Change" slogan during the presidential campaign Mentioned "the world's infrastructure has systemic inefficiencies that need to be resolved" and "make our planet smarter", at the same time, IBM also proposed the "smart earth" slogan, things The concept of networking has entered the strategic layer of various countries. In August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out during his visit to the Micro-Nano Sensor R & D Center in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, "In the major national science and technology projects, we will accelerate the development of the sensor network, and establish the China Sensing Information Center or the" Sense China "Center as soon as possible. "," Perceive China "is similar to the" smart earth "proposed by President Obama. The Internet of Things was written in the government work report during the "two sessions" in 2010, and was established as one of the five emerging countries' strategic industries. China's "Internet of Things First Year" began.
As early as November 17, 2005, in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS, World Summit on the Information Society) held in Tunisia, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released the "ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things", the report It is pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is coming, and the report shows the world a future scene: on a certain day in 2020, a 23-year-old student from Spain, Rosa, has just quarreled with her boyfriend. Be alone for a while. She decided to drive her smart Toyota to a ski resort in the French Alps. But she had to go to the garage first because Rosa's car's RFID sensor system reminded her that the tire was broken. When she entered her favorite car repair shop, she used a diagnostic tool for sensors and radio systems to carry out a detailed inspection of her car and sent it to a maintenance terminal equipped with a fully automated robotic hand. Rosa went for a cup of coffee, and the "Orange Wall" drink vending machine knew that Rosa liked iced coffee, so she got a cup of iced coffee after Rosa paid through her online watch. When Rosa returned, a new pair of tires (with integrated RFID tags that can detect pressure, temperature and deformation) were installed. The robot guide prompts Rosa to choose privacy-related options on the tire. Rosa does not want anyone to know (especially her boyfriend) where she is going, so she sets the information to be protected. Finally, Rosa went to the nearest commercial street for shopping. She wanted to buy a snowboard bag with a media player and weather forecasting device. She used wireless network sensors to detect item information. She did not stay when she passed the border between France and Spain. Because her car contains information such as driving license and password, it can automatically switch to the smallest border adjustment device when crossing the border. Suddenly, Rosa got a video page from her sunglasses, saw her boyfriend was asking her for forgiveness and asked if he wanted to spend this weekend together. So she issued a password to the navigation system: to remove privacy protection, so that her boyfriend can see her current location and destination.
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things industry, Beijing CCID Times Information Industry Co., Ltd. ("CCID Times") is positioned as a "smart city builder". The so-called smart city is based on the application of a new generation of information technology. Realize the comprehensive perception, interconnection and intelligent use of information between people and people, things and things, things and people in the city, with the goal of achieving efficient government management, convenient livelihood services, and sustainable economic development. City development concept. The construction of smart cities is based on the new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, 3D, and involves many fields such as smart grid, smart transportation, smart logistics, smart medical treatment, smart industry, smart agriculture and so on.
Smart grid: Due to the mismatch between power generation and electricity consumption, the utilization rate of the grid is very low, and only 55% in the United States. Each year the United States loses $ 79 billion due to grid disturbances and outages. On November 3, 2009, Obama announced that the US government invested US $ 3.4 billion to drive private investment of US $ 4.7 billion to establish a "smart grid investment fund." The new plan will build 700 automatic substations, replace 200,000 transformers, install 40 million smart meters, covering 1/4 to 1/3 of American households, and all projects will be completed within three years. The smart grid uses robust two-way communication, advanced sensors, and distributed computers to improve the efficiency and reliability of power exchange and use. In the past, distributed energy sources such as wind power and solar energy that were difficult to connect to the grid due to unstable power generation can be used to subsidize the main grid for power generation. The smart grid monitors users' electrical load in real time, giving consumers the power to choose electricity prices and energy types. It is expected that by 2020, the utilization rate of renewable energy in the United States will be increased to 20%, and smart grid technology will save the United States 4% of electricity in 2030, about US $ 20.4 billion. DONG Energy of Denmark can reduce the power outage time by 25-30% and the fault search time by 1/3 after adopting smart grid measures.
Intelligent transportation: According to statistics, the loss caused by traffic congestion accounts for 1.5% to 4% of GDP. The fuel loss caused by traffic congestion in the United States is equivalent to the loading of 58 super-large tankers each year. The EU believes that by using ICT to optimize logistics arrangements and intelligent flow management, transportation efficiency can be improved by 17%. Early warning of 3 seconds in advance can effectively avoid traffic accidents. Drivers are reminded 1.5 seconds in advance to prevent 90% of traffic accidents. 0.5 seconds in advance Braking can reduce collision energy by 50%. Stockholm uses laser, camera and system technology to detect and identify vehicles at 18 roadside control stations, and charges according to different rates at different times, reducing traffic by 20%, waiting time by 25%, and exhaust emissions Reduced by 12%.
Smart logistics: According to statistics, in 2006, the proportion of logistics costs to GDP were: Japan 11%, the United States 8%, the EU 7%, China 18% (of which transportation costs accounted for 55%, storage costs accounted for 30% ). Studies have found that the use of analysis and simulation software can optimize the supply chain network from raw materials to finished products, help companies determine the location of production equipment, optimize procurement locations, and also help formulate inventory allocation strategies, reduce costs, reduce carbon emissions, and improve customer service. . COSCO Logistics used information management to successfully reduce the number of distribution centers from 100 to 40, reducing distribution costs by 23%, fuel usage by 25%, and carbon emissions by 10-15%. And the container transportation based on electronic tag (RFID) can record and track all the information of the goods in the logistics transportation process in real time, including container information, cargo information, transportation information (such as shipping agency, freight agency, port), switch box time and location, container Temperature and humidity information.
Smart Healthcare: The United States proposed the "A New Generation of American Innovation" plan as early as 2004, which included electronic medical records and information exchange, that is, to allow most Americans to have electronic medical records within ten years. On April 27, 2009, President Obama ’s speech at the 146th annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences stated, "The electronicization of medical records throughout the United States will reduce many duplications, waste, and errors, save billions of dollars, and save thousands. Human life, it is worth noting that these medical records may also make patients more active participants in the prevention and treatment of diseases. We must let patients have these medical records and respect their personal privacy. At the same time, we also have the opportunity Provide medical researchers with massive amounts of anonymous data, so that they may find from this information the factual basis that can help us better understand the disease. " Smart Healthcare integrates outpatient management system, inpatient management system, drug management system, material management system, personnel management system, financial management system, OA management system, medical order processing system, doctor workstation system, etc., and fully grasps various information records of patients. Provide better services to patients.
Smart agriculture: China's development of modern agriculture is faced with the dual challenges of resource shortage and excessive resource consumption. The Internet of Things with information sensing equipment, sensor network, Internet and intelligent information processing as the core will open up new ideas and advantages for the modern agricultural production management technology system of quantitative analysis, intelligent decision-making, variable input, and positioning operations in the agricultural production process The method will be widely used in the agricultural field and will further promote the integration of information technology and agricultural modernization. Camalie Vineyard, California, USA deployed 20 smart nodes in a 4.4-acre area, set up a soil temperature and humidity monitoring network, and also monitored changes in storage temperature in the wine cellar. After the monitoring and management, the economic benefits of the vineyard have improved significantly. Compared with the 2T output in 2004, the output from 2005 to 2007 has doubled year by year, reaching 4T, 8T and 17.5T respectively, while also improving the quality of wine and saving irrigation water.
In addition to the above, the Internet of Things has penetrated into all aspects of urban construction, helping people to better realize the remote management of all smart objects, and truly achieve "strategizing, winning a thousand miles away". The construction of smart cities will make people live The world is more intelligent and intelligent, and it has become a harmonious society with "high efficiency, energy saving, safety and environmental protection".
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