Printing knowledge: paper, specifications, quotation formula

1. Unit of paper
A. Gram: the weight of one square meter (length × width ÷ 2) = g is the weight
B. Order: 500 sheets of paper Unit: Order (factory specifications)
C. Ton: as usual, 1 ton = 1000 kg, used to calculate the paper price.

2. Paper specifications and names A. There are four most common types of paper
(1). Positive paper: length 109.2 cm. Width 78.7 cm
(2). Large size paper: 119.4 cm long. 88.9 cm wide
(3). Sticker: length 765 cm. Width 535 cm
(4). Non-carbon paper: There are positive and generous specifications, but there are different paper prices for upper paper, middle paper and lower paper (see paper price classification).

B. The most common name for paper
(1). Copy paper: 17g positive degree specification: used for value-added tax tickets, gift packaging, generally pure white.
(2). Typing paper: 28g positive degree specification: used for combined forms. Forms, there are seven color points: white. Red. Yellow. Blue. Green. Light green. Purple.
(3). Glossy paper: 35-40g positive degree specifications: one side is shiny, used for combined orders. Forms and notes, for low-grade printing paper.
(4). Writing paper: 50-100g large degree. Both positive degree, used for low-grade printed matter, most domestic paper.
(5). Double offset paper: 60-180g large degree. Both have positive degree. It is used for mid-range prints made in China. Joint ventures and imports are common.
(6). Newsprint: 55-60g roller paper. Positive paper. Newspaper selection.
(7). Carbonless paper:
40-150g large degree. Both positive degree, with direct copy function, divided into upper, middle and lower paper,
The upper, middle, and lower papers cannot be exchanged or turned over. The paper prices are different. There are seven colors, which are often used in the combined form.
(8). Art paper:
A. Double copper 80-400g positive degree. Both have large degree, used for high-end printing.
B. Single copper: used in medium and high-end printing for carton, carton, handbag, pill box, etc.
(9). Sub-powder paper: 105-400g for elegant appearance. High-end color printing.
(10). White paper with gray background: over 200g, coated with gray on white background, used for packaging.
(11). White cardboard: 200g, double-sided white, used for mid-range packaging.
(12). Kraft paper: 60-200g, used for packaging, carton, document bag, archive bag, envelope.
(13). Special paper: It is commonly used as imported paper, which is mainly used for printing on covers, decorations, crafts and fine products.

3 Quotation formula and tips Quotation formula:
(1). Weight (length × width ÷ 2) = law: large degree 0.531 weight positive degree 0.43 weight
(2). Calculation method: weight (law) × grams × ton price ÷ 500 sheets ÷ open number × number of prints × 1.1% loss = total cargo paper Example 1: A customer prints 5000 sheets of 16 open, 157 pairs of copper, How much is the paper money?
formula:
Weight × grams × ton price ÷ 500 sheets ÷ open number × number of prints × 1.1% = total paper price sought
0.531 × 157g × 7500 yuan ÷ 500 sheets ÷ 16 open × 5000 sheets × 1.1% = 430 yuan (total price of paper)
Example 2: A customer prints 8000 sheets of 16K 80g double-coated paper for a paper payment?
formula:
0.531 × 80g × 6500 ÷ 500 sheets ÷ 16 open × 8000 sheets × 1.1% = 304 yuan (total price of paper)
Example 3: A customer printed 700 instructions: including 60 grams of domestic paper used for the cover, each with 20 sheets of 16-degree paper, and what is the paper size?
formula:
Weight × grams × ton price ÷ 500 sheets ÷ open number × number of prints × 1.1% = total paper price sought
0.43 × 60 grams × 5500 yuan ÷ 500 sheets ÷ 16 open × number of prints (70 copies × 20 sheets) × 1.1% = 273 yuan Example 4: A customer printed 50,000 stickers with 4 × 5cm rounded corners, how much do you want to use? Money and money?
formula:
Law 0.002 × customer square centimeter × print number = paper money
0.002 × 20 (4 × 5cm) × 50,000 pieces = 0.04 yuan (total paper money)
Example 5: A customer prints 200 copies of carbonless paper and asks for 16 to open two copies. Three copies. Four copies. Five copies. How many paper money?
formula:
Two-up 3.43 Three-up 3.93 Four-up 4.19 Five-up 4.34
The law of the number of pairs × the number of copies = the total amount of paper two pairs: 686 yuan three pairs: 786 yuan four pairs: 838 yuan five pairs: 868 yuan For each 1000 sheets, use 100 grams of double-coated paper. What are the specifications, opening numbers, and paper prices?
law:
A. Finished product specifications:
No. 2: 11 × 18cm 15 open (cutting specifications 26 × 21)
No. 5: 11 × 22cm 12 open (cutting specifications 26 × 24)
No. 6: 12 × 23cm 12 open (cutting specifications 27 × 26)
No. 7: 16 × 23cm 8 open (cutting size 39 × 27)
No. 9: 23 × 32cm 4 open (cutting size 39 × 54)
0.43 law × grams 100 × ton price 6500 yuan ÷ 500 sheets ÷ open number × number of prints × 1.1% = paper price
1000 papers:
No. 2: 41 yuan
No. 5 No. 6: 51 yuan
No. 7: 77 yuan
No. 9: 154 yuan Example 7. A customer printed 16 open. 28 grams of triple copies of 100 copies to find out how much each paper price?
The law: 1.39 × number of prints = paper money (139 yuan) (32 open ÷ 28 open × 2)

Quotation skills:
(1). Observe the customer's strength and customer's printed samples carefully.
(2). Carefully measure sample specifications and paper quality and various post-printing. Pre-printing process
(3). Use the calculator to calculate the cost and profit in detail.
(4). The quotation is in puns, and the price is not high (means not higher than the customer's psychological price) and the price is not low (mean lower than the peer price).
(5). Bargaining refers to the rationale and basis for negotiating bids with customers.
Such as: selection of paper size, good or bad paper quality, domestic and imported film, printing quality, delivery time, what machine to use for printing and other advanced. Good conditions allow the other party to accept your offer.
(6). Manner: sophisticated, generous, honest, responsible
(7). Language and kindness: speak politely, speak civilization, laugh first and speak later.

4 Proofreading and delivery skills
(1). Proofreading makes the other party pay attention, pay attention to the text, specifications, color samples, delivery time, etc. and let the customer approve and sign.
(2). Disperse the customer's attention (defects of the product) at the time of delivery and introduce it with the best, introduce it with the customer's concerns, and make the customer satisfied to terminate.

5 Tips for collecting deposit and payment
(1). Explain the reason for the deposit to the customer:
A. Drafting. Proofing. Investment cost
B. Let customers have sincerity
C. Refuse to have deceptive expressions, so that customers understand the inevitability of the deposit.
(2). After the acceptance of the goods, the customer must sign the order (delivery note), and then provide the customer with a receipt (receipt. Invoice) to allow the customer to fulfill the agreement or contract payment method.
To talk more about our difficulties, not to talk about the other party is not, so that customers do not pay a little sense.
If the payment cannot be made due to other reasons, let the leader of the other party sign the word "no payment" and state the time of the next payment.

6. How to deal with faults and quality problems
(1). The other party's fault is settled peacefully according to the actual quantity and customer attitude. Let the other party bear the paper money, printing fee, and other expenses as much as possible.
(2). Our fault is to allow the other party to accept, forcibly reduce the price, give away, and reprint next time.

7. The current copper price per ton of paper in a certain city: 7500 yuan / T
Single copper: 8000 yuan / T
Imported double glue: 6500 yuan / T
Domestic double glue: 6000 yuan / T
Domestic writing paper: 5500 yuan / T
Typewriting paper: 8700 yuan / T
Carbonless paper: 270 yuan for white paper / 360 yuan for paper in the middle / under paper for paper: 240 yuan / order

8. How to learn to open paper and choose large degree. The rule of positive degree paper: customer printing size is long and wide. Divide the size of large degree and positive degree by the length of customer specification. Wide size is twice, choose the most product, that is, open number.
Example 1: The size of the customer's finished product is 23 × 20cm. What is the number of openings?
Should I choose positive degree and large degree with 80 grams of paper?
119.4 ÷ 23 = 5 knives (20 open) 109.2 ÷ 23 = 4 knives (20 open)
119.4 ÷ 20 = 5 knives (15 open) 109.2 ÷ 20 = 5 knives (15 open)
88.9 ÷ 23 = 3 knives (15 open) 78.7 ÷ 23 = 3 knives (15 open)
88.9 ÷ 20 = 4 knives (20 open) 78.8 ÷ 20 = 3 knives (20 open)
Generosity: 0.03 yuan / Zhang Zhengdu: 0.0327 yuan / Zhang
(The above price is calculated by the above formula)
Large size paper should be used as printing paper.

9. The rule of imposition on-board specifications: the sum of printed product specifications does not exceed the printing specifications of the printing machine is called the on-board specification.
Example: 8 on the machine, the size of the machine is 27 × 39cm, 44 × 29.5cm
4 Turn on the machine, the size is 54 × 39cm, the degree is 44 × 59cm
Off the machine, the size of the machine is 78 × 54cm, 88 × 59cm
The puzzle must be assembled in accordance with these sizes, and the irregular size must first think of this.

10. The range of pre-press and post-press costs The pre-press printing process is called pre-press cost, and there is a processing program after printing called post-press processing cost.
Typing. Design. Production. Scanning. Film. Sulphuric acid paper. Inkjet proofing. Laser proofing. Power distribution. Power distribution proofing. Receiving drafts.
Post-press processing: bronzing, bumps, embossing, over-plastic, crimping, beer, sticking, cutting, packaging, freight are post-press processing costs.

11. How to finalize the law of the start-up fee: The printing cost of the four-color printing product is called the start-up fee. The two-color four-open printing machine is 500 yuan-800 yuan / 10,000 sheets of 16 open two-color folio printing machine is 800-1200 yuan / 10,000 sheets of 16 open. The four-color folio printing machine is 1000-1500 yuan / 10,000 sheets of 16-blade monochrome machine:
Four boot: 100 yuan-200 yuan 1 board / 10,000 16 open six boot: 50-100 yuan 1 board / 10,000 16 open eight boot: 50-80 yuan 1 board / 10,000 16 open It is based on the difficulty, time and color of the printed matter to determine how much to start.

12. Pre-press cost quotation
A: Design fee: 200-500 yuan / P package proofing. Film production fee: 130-200 yuan / P package proofing. Film typing fee: one P5-10 yuan (depending on how much and difficulty)
B: Film. Sulfuric acid paper cost:
A P imported film 10 yuan; domestic 8 yuan / P
One P sulfuric acid paper 2.00 yuan / P
Inkjet proofing: a P15-20 yuan
C: Scanning: According to the number of scanning dots and how many: 300 lines, 0.70 yuan / mega

13. Post-press fee quotation
A. Plastic fee:
Photoresist Folio 0.26
Photoresist Folio is 0.23
Photo adhesive four open big 0.14
Photoresist four open positive 0.12
Photo adhesive six open large 0.14
Photoresist six open positive 0.12
Photo adhesive eight open big 0.14
Photoresist eight open positive 0.12
Matte Folio 0.35
Matte Folio is 0.31
Matte rubber four open big 0.15
Matte rubber four open positive 0.14
Matte rubber six open big 0.19
Matte rubber six open positive 0.17
Matte rubber open eight 0.11
Matte plastic eight open positive 0.10
B. Price of sticky envelopes and document bags:
Seal No. 2. Seal No. 5. Seal No. 6 is 0.01 yuan each. Seal No. 7 is 0.015 yuan each.
The 9th cover is 0.025 yuan for each hand bag 0.40 yuan / piece plus beer board 50-80 yuan file bag. File bag 0.15 yuan / piece
C. Sticky carton. Small box. Book. Periodical cost quote?
Pricing is based on size and size. Generally, it is 0.005-0.02 yuan per hand / 0.05-0.10 yuan per book cover, saddle stitching. Flat nails 0.05 yuan per book.
D. Picking up the quotation for one order of paper from 10 to 35 yuan (folding times. Baotou. Points. Times specific pricing)
E. One number for printing the number 0.02-0.03 yuan / print
F. Beer costs:
0.02-0.05 yuan / printing time plus board fee 30-200 yuan / post-printing process fee for more than one board There are still no quotations, and the price will be re-priced by the factory according to actual conditions.

14. Calculation of tax rate The tax rate for processing invoices is 6%, plus the six tax rates of personal income tax and urban construction tax, totaling about 10%.
Total payment 10% = tax-included payment Example: A customer who prints the total payment is 8000 yuan 10% = 8800 yuan is receivable.

15. The quotation staff should memorize the printing equipment and the specifications and names before and after printing:
Offset printing machine proofing machine Apple computer inkjet machine laser machine scanner and so on.
Printing Equipment:
Cylinder printing machine: printing newspapers, books and magazines, both domestic and imported;
Fully open printing press: all paper prints can be printed;
For power-on. Four power-on. Six power-on. Eight power-on and four power-on and power-on are divided into single color, two-color, four-color.
Printing color printing also separates water and alcohol inks.
Printing is also divided into manual operation. Mechanical operation. Computer automatic operation.
Alcohol has the same main advantages as the bottom, the ink dries quickly and the ink is bright. The writing has a three-dimensional effect. The image is clear. The color is delicious and other high-quality samples.
Post-press equipment: beer board machine page tear-off machine paper cutting machine bronzing machine embossing machine convex-concave machine coding machine pick-up online laminator binding machine and other post-press processing equipment.
Other printing equipment: Self-adhesive printing professional machine computer special single printing machine business card special machine speed printing machine copier packaging carton printing machine and so on.

16. What are the necessary items for business negotiation conditions?
(1). Various types of beautifully printed samples. (Be sure to bring samples according to customer requirements)
(2). Various printing paper samples. (Be sure to bring samples according to customer requirements)
(3). Calculator. Circle ruler. Mobile phone and handbag.
(4). Clothing. Tie. Clean shoes. Orderly.
(5). Manuscript. Pen. Business card. Contract. Receipt. Invoice (all use company-specific printed products).

17. The quotation steps are based on the various formulas mentioned above. If you can master the quotation, it is not difficult to quotation to the customer. The main steps are:
Calculate the paper price first, then calculate the pre-press and post-press costs, plus the start-up fee, ask if you want to invoice, delivery time and location, and complete the entire process of this negotiation business.


18. Total quotation formula: the quotation calculation steps that new salespersons should master
Example: There is a factory that prints 10,000 packaging boxes. It uses 250g of single-coated copper paste and no film. Only another product packaging box is provided as a sample for reference. The specification is 44 × 59. The customer requires sticking and forming. The lowest price.

As a new salesperson, you must follow the steps in four steps.
(1) Production. Design fee: 1500 yuan (more or less)
(2) Paper fee: Formula: 0.531 × 250 grams × 8000 yuan / T ÷ 500 sheets ÷ 4 open × 10000 pieces × 1.1% loss = 5310 yuan
(3). Post-press processing: shipping fee for over-plasticized beer sticky beer board
0.40 × 10,000 0.05 × 10,000 0.05 × 11,500 yuan 80 yuan
400 yuan 500 yuan 500 yuan 1500 yuan 80 yuan = 1630 yuan
(4). Start-up fee: 2500 yuan Total: 1500 yuan 5310 yuan 1630 yuan 2500 = 10940 yuan The calculation of the text and cover paper The text paper calculates how much reed paper is needed for each book printed, from the number of pages in the text (1 Page = 2 sides), printing number, opening number to calculate.
Number of paper orders for text = number of pages × number of prints / (open number × 500)
Number of paper orders for the text = number of prints × printed sheets / 1000
Printed sheet = number of body pages / open number Cover paper calculation The cover paper is different from the body paper. The front cover of a paperback book must be connected to the back cover and spine. The spine has wide and narrow widths, and some paperback books have kerf, which will inevitably affect the amount of paper used for the cover.
Number of cover paper orders = number of prints / (number of full-page paper covers × 500)

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