Research on Ammunition Packaging Based on VCI Anti-rust Technology (I)

Abstract: In order to solve the corrosion problem of ammunition. Improve the storage capacity of ammunition, based on the detailed introduction of the concept and mechanism of vapour rust prevention. Combining with the characteristics of ammunition itself, a specific method for the application of vapour phase rust prevention technology in ammunition packaging is proposed, and several problems that need to be solved at present are analyzed from a technical perspective.

Keywords: vapor-phase rust-proof ammunition package rust-proof packaging

Ammunition is generally composed of fuses, projectiles, launch charges, cartridges, and primers. Except for launch charges and various explosives and other energetic substances, most of the materials for ammunition components are iron, copper, aluminum, or other metals. alloy. With ammunition having a long storage period, many storage and transportation links, and large changes in storage environment, the corrosion of ammunition has always been one of the main factors affecting the reliability of ammunition storage, and it has always been the focus and difficulty of ammunition storage and transportation management. The application of the latest scientific and technological research to solve the corrosion problem of ammunition is also one of the key issues of the long-term military missions of various countries. In recent years, the rapid development of vapor phase rust prevention technology has been promoted and applied to rust-proof packaging of ordnance equipment, providing new ideas and new ways for rust prevention of ammunition. Vigorous promotion of vapor phase rust prevention technology will be an inevitable trend for future rust-proof rust-proof packaging of ammunition. .

1 Mechanism of VCI Anticorrosion Technology

The form of corrosion that occurs during ammunition storage is primarily atmospheric corrosion, which is essentially electrochemical corrosion. After the ammunition is rusted, the surface finish of the ammunition will be degraded, which will directly affect the positioning and reliable launching of the product during use, so that the firing accuracy will be greatly reduced. When the projectile rust is severe, the strength of the projectile will decrease, and the danger of shooting will increase. In addition, once the internal components of the ammunition are rusted, the reliability of the ammunition system will be reduced, and failures or malfunctions will occur. In order to effectively solve the problem of corrosion of ammunition and other ordnance equipment, the US military began to study gas phase rust-proof packaging technology as early as World War II.

The so-called vapor-phase rust-proof packaging technology is to place a certain amount of vapor-phase rust inhibitor (abbreviated as VPI or VCI) in a packaging container or a sealed space, or vapor-phase rust-proof paper and vapor-phase plastic film coated with a vapor phase rust inhibitor, and the rust inhibitor thereof. The rust-proof gas is slowly evaporated. The formation of a certain steam pressure, full of storage space, and even the gap of the equipment components, effectively inhibit the corrosion of metal parts J, this method is also known as gas-phase storage or vapor phase rust protection technology. The rust-inhibiting mechanism of vapor phase rust inhibitors can be divided into three types.

1.1 adsorption anti-rust mechanism

Similar to chemical adsorption or physisorption process. Because the molecular structure of the rust inhibitor is similar to that of the surfactant, it is composed of two parts: a polar group (including N, O, S, and P atoms of a lone electron pair) and a non-polar hydrophobic group (hydrocarbon group, etc.). The rust prevention mechanism is due to the coordination between the polar group of the electron donor and the metal surface layer to form chemical adsorption (such as pyridine derivatives, etc.) or physical adsorption (such as thiol or thiourea, etc.), so that the metal surface layer generates double electric layer The structure, but not the polar group, is oriented to form a hydrophobic layer, so that the corrosion reaction is suppressed.

1.2 film formation rust mechanism

Such rust inhibitor molecules are not oxidizing themselves, but can interact with the metal itself or the corrosion product of the metal (Fe "or Fe") or the product of the conjugated cathode reaction (usually OH-) in corrosive media. The protective group can be adsorbed on the metal surface directionally to form an insoluble or insoluble compound film and protect the metal from corrosive media. This type of rust prevention is also called precipitation rust prevention.

1.3 Electrode process rust prevention mechanism

Such rust inhibitors are based on the principle of electrochemical corrosion, by inhibiting SUB8 pole reactions or cathodic reactions, or simultaneously suppressing the occurrence of two-pole reactions, blocking the formation of two poles, destroying the electrochemical corrosion conditions, thereby inhibiting corrosion of weapons and equipment and achieving prevention. And delay the purpose of metal corrosion.


2 Characteristics of Vapour Phase Anti-rust Technology

2.1 Basic requirements for rust-proof packaging of ammunition

Ammunition is a kind of special war material which can guarantee its normal technical and tactical performance under long-term large-scale storage and transportation conditions in various harsh natural environments. The rust-proof packaging must meet the following main requirements:

1) Must adapt to the characteristics of large output and many varieties. Rust-proof packaging should fully consider the resources, production processes, etc. to meet the production requirements of large quantities, fast-paced, and high-efficiency.
2) Must meet the requirements of large-volume ammunition to maintain its normal technical and tactical performance under long-term storage conditions, and must also be adapted to the rapid replenishment of modern warfare to facilitate the requirements for unsealing and loading.
3) Must meet the requirements of special materials such as sensitive elements, sensitive chemicals and energetic materials in ammunition. The rustproof packaging materials used must have good compatibility with various components, medicaments and materials in ammunition.
4) Must adapt to the characteristics of great differences between China's climatic conditions and the natural environment, antirust packaging should have. Protection under all environmental conditions.

2.2 Advantages of VCI

For a long time, our army's ammunition has mainly used traditional anti-rust oil or anti-rust grease methods to solve the anti-rust problem. Compared with the traditional oil seal anti-rust method, vapor phase rust-proof packaging has significant advantages:

1) Good anti-rust effect and long rust-proof period. The anti-rust ability of traditional anti-rust oil and grease sequestration technology depends on the thickness and compactness of the oil layer. Under severe storage conditions (temperature over 30°C, relative humidity more than 80%), it can not play a stable and reliable anti-rust effect. It is prone to rust and even scrapping, and after the rust-proof oil and grease fail, the ammunition is rusted and the remaining oil and grease are difficult to repair, resulting in an increase in the cost of ammunition storage. According to the relevant research data, it is confirmed that the reliable gas-phase storage technology can last for more than 15 years, and it has good stability in harsh environments.

2) Effectively solve the rust prevention of devices with complicated structures such as fuzes. Since the anti-rust gas is a volatile gas, it can protect the parts (such as gaps) that cannot be covered by the general anti-rust material. The structure of the fuze body is relatively complex, and general oil and grease protection is difficult to solve the problem of rust prevention in fuse components. However, the use of rust-proof packaging can achieve better internal components even if the fuse body and other components are not sealed. The protective effect.

3) Adapt to ammunition wartime security needs. After unsealing the ammunition sealed by vapor phase rust prevention technology, it can be immediately put into combat use without any technical and service handling, and can be adapted to the rapid recharge of modern high-tech local wars and the rapid opening requirements, which greatly enhances the wartime support capability of ammunition. .

4) Low cost and good economic benefits. Gas-phase sealed anti-rust technology relies on anti-rust gas to fill the sealed space and achieve anti-rust effect. The amount of vapor anti-rust anti-rust is less and the cost is low. It is estimated that the cost of gas phase anti-rust technology storage is 20% to 50% of the cost of anti-rust anti-rust technology, and 7% to 17% of the cost of oil anti-rust technology, which can greatly reduce the packaging of ammunition. Storage costs, especially for packaged ammunition rust-proof effect, lower cost.

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